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Antibiotic resistance is a natural phenomenon amplified by inappropriate uses..

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Antimicrobial resistance is the phenomenon whereby bacteria exposed to the same antibiotic for a prolonged period of time mutate and become resistant, which makes their control, difficult, if not impossible, with current treatments. This phenomenon stems from the process of natural selection. From the discovery of the first antibiotics, Alexander Fleming, discoverer of penicillin, had already revealed this major risk to their effectiveness for health in the long term. However, it has been seriously amplified by an excessive and inconsiderate use of antibiotics for 50 years, in both human and animal health. It is estimated, for example, that about 80% of the antibiotics sold in the United   States are destined for animal husbandry. The first bacteria resistant to antibiotics appeared as early as the 1960s, very soon after the first treatments were marketed. Since then, antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been multiplying. Many bacteria that cause serious infections in humans, s
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Americans are taking fish antibiotics to save money?

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Alarming results from a new study show that people in the United States buying fish antibiotics online and consuming them because they’re more affordable than to go visit a doctor. The study sheds light on the high costs of health care in the country and how citizens are struggling to afford basic services. A team of researchers at the University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy examined online reviews from 24 websites selling nine different kinds of fish antibiotics. These fish antibiotics could be misused by humans, namely amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, cephalexin, erythromycin, doxycycline, metronidazole, clindamycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and penicillin. The price range of these drugs is from $8.99 for a bottle of 30 X 250 mg capsules of amoxicillin to about $119.99 for a bottle of 100 X 500mg ciprofloxacin tablets. Customer reviews indicate human use They searched Google for websites selling fish antibiotics in the country and studied the websites’ consumer rev
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Can Antibiotics Increase the Risk of Arthritis?

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of the joints. RA is a chronic and progressive condition that causes debilitating effects on the patient. The condition is characterized by pain and stiff joints. Another typical feature of this disorder is bone and joint destruction and the presence of autoantibodies in the serum and synovial fluid. Synovial fluid is the fluid that lubricates the synovial joints. What causes rheumatoid arthritis? The exact mechanism by which patients develop RA is unknown; however, a combination of genetic and environmental factors is likely. Autoimmune antibody production is proposed to be the main mechanism responsible for bone and joint destruction, and the related RA pathology. Infections, hormonal alterations, and stress are some potential triggers of RA. Recent research suggests an association between antibiotic use, gut microbiota changes, and RA flares. Antibiotics and the gut microbiota Antibiotics are widely u
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Bacteria can survive under antibiotic exposure by developing a biological timer

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Hebrew University of Jerusalem researchers showed that when exposed to repeated cycles of antibiotics, bacteria evolved a new adaptation by remaining dormant for the treatment period. The results show for the first time that bacteria can develop a biological timer to survive under antibiotic exposure. With this new understanding of how bacteria evolve survival strategies, scientists could develop new approaches for slowing the evolution of antibiotic resistance. The ability of microorganisms to overcome antibiotic treatments is one of the top concerns of modern medicine. The effectiveness of many antibiotics has been reduced by bacteria's ability to rapidly evolve and develop strategies to resist antibiotics. Bacteria achieve this by specific mechanisms that are tailored to the molecular structure or function of a particular antibiotic. For example, bacteria would typically develop drug resistance by evolving a mutation that breaks down the drug. Researchers at the Hebrew Uni
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Antibiotic-resistant bacteria could help clear antibiotic contamination

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Antibiotics include a vast array of drugs that can kill bacteria or prevent them from multiplying. They are prescribed for numerous conditions arising from bacterial infection and can also be used prophylactically before major surgery or immune suppression. Consequently, antibiotics are among the most frequently prescribed drugs in healthcare. Although antibiotics play an important role in medical practice, they have been overused in recent years and this has led to many of the bacteria they are designed to destroy becoming resistant to them. Although new antibiotics have been discovered, bacteria are continually mutating and more antibiotic-resistant strains develop. In addition, vast quantities of antibiotics are ending up in the environment via pharmaceutical waste and livestock feed, further increasing the risk of antibiotic resistance. Recently, it was discovered that some antibiotic-resistant bacteria actually ate the antibiotics designed to kill them. The mechanisms ena
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New compound which kills antibiotic-resistant superbugs

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Superbugs are as of now a significant worldwide danger, yet health specialists anticipate that the dangers will deteriorate in the following barely any decades. Impervious to most normally utilized anti-infection agents, these microscopic organisms are amazing and are anticipated to execute a bigger number of individuals worldwide than disease by 2050. In this way, scientists are dashing to discover a fix before this projection becomes reality. Presently, a group from the University of Sheffield and Rutherford Appleton Laboratory may have discovered an answer with their disclosure of another aggravate that can murder anti-toxin safe superbugs. A New Compound For Superbugs: In an examination distributed in the diary ACS Nano, scientists uncover that a recently created compound has experienced testing in the lab. During tests, it effectively murdered anti-toxin safe gram-negative microscopic organisms, for example, E. coli. Gram-negative microorganisms, referred to cause conta
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Proper disposal of leftover medication can help reduce antibiotic resistance

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Proper disposal of leftover medication, particularly antibiotics and opioids, can help reduce antibiotic resistance, prevent children from being poisoned and stop the misuse of addiction-forming drugs. But a telephone survey conducted by researchers at UC San Francisco found that fewer than half of California pharmacies provided disposal instructions meeting U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines, and just 10 percent followed the FDA's preferred recommendation to take back unused medications from their customers. Over a two-month period in early 2018 researchers posing as parents of children who had recently had surgery spoke to employees at nearly 900 pharmacies in California and asked them what to do with two leftover medications: the antibiotic Bactrim (sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim), and liquid Hycet (hydrocodone-acetaminophen), a pain reliever containing an opioid compound. Neither medication should be left in the medicine cabinet, since the antibiotics could be
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